Introduction foreign
Many myths have grown around the legend of Shambhala is in the Kalachakra literature. Some were extended for military or political support, the identification of Russia, Mongolia and Japan with Shambhala. Others appeared in occult movements and Buddhist ideas combined with concepts from other belief systems. Some even spawned expeditions to find the fabled land.
two sides emerged from the shadow versions. One looked Shambala as a utopian paradise whose people save the world. The British novelist James Hilton, belongs to this side. His 1933 novel, The Lost Horizon (Lost Horizon), Shangrila described as a spiritual paradise found in an inaccessible and hidden valley in Tibet. Shangrila is undoubtedly a corruption romantic Shambala. The other side represented Shambala as a place of evil power. Several post-war stories of the connection between Nazism and the Occult have this interpretation. Do not confuse any of these distortions with Buddhism itself. Let us trace the phenomenon
Theosophy Madame Helena Blavatsky (1831-1891) was born in Ukraine within the Russian nobility. Endowed with extrasensory powers, he traveled the world for secret and occult teachings and spent many years in the Indian subcontinent. From 1867 to 1870, studied Tibetan Buddhism with Indian teachers, most likely from the Tibetan cultural regions of the Indian Himalayas during his supposed stay in the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. Blavatsky
found Tibetan Buddhism at a time when the European Orientalist scholars were still in diapers and had available few translations or stories. Moreover, she was able to learn only disjointed fragments of his vast teachings. In his private letters, she wrote that as the Western public at that time was unfamiliar with Tibetan Buddhism, she decided to translate and explain the basic terms more popularly known concepts of Hinduism and occultism. For example, she translated three of the four islands-world (four continents) around Mount Meru as sunken islands of Hyperborea, Lemuria and Atlantis. Also, she presented the four humanoid races mentioned in the Abhidharma and Kalachakra teachings (born in the processing, heat and humidity, eggs, and uterus) and the races of these islands-world. His belief that the esoteric teachings of all religions of the world form a single body of occult knowledge reinforced his decision to translate in this way and set out to demonstrate in his writings. Along with the American spiritualist
Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, Madame Blavatsky founded the Theosophical Society in New York in 1875. Its international headquarters moved to Madras in India, soon after. When his colleague Alfred Percy Sinnett Theosophy identified with esoteric Buddhism Esoteric Buddhism (1883), Blavatsky rejected his claim. According to the Letters of HP Blavatsky to APSinnett, published posthumously, the position was that Blavatsky Theosophy transmitting "occult secret teachings of the trans-Himalaya", not the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. However, through his writings, the West first Shambala associated with the occult and many later mistook this connection with the actual teachings of Buddhism.
In 1888, Blavatsky mentioned Shambhala in his major work, The Secret Doctrine, the teachings which she said had received telepathically from his masters in Tibet. She wrote in a letter that although teachers were "byang-tzyoobs" or "Chang-chubs" reincarnated (byang-chub in Tibetan, Sanskrit bodhisattva), she had called "Mahatma" because that term were most familiar to the British in India
The origin Tibetan teachings in The Secret Doctrine by Blavatsky, was the Stanzas of Dzyan (The Stanzas of Dzyan), the first volume of commentaries on the seven secret folios of Kiu-te. "Kiu-te" comes from the Tibetan "rgyud-sde", meaning "division of tantra, which is the title of the first section of Kangyur, the Tibetan translations of the Buddha's words. "Dzyan" comes from the Sanskrit "dhyana" (Japanese Zen), which means mental stability. Blavatsky was aware that the Kalachakra Tantra was the first item in the tantra division of Kangyur, and he mentioned that fact in one of his notes. She explained, however, that the seven secret folios were not really part of Kiu-te published, and so we did not find anything similar to the Stanzas of Dzyan in that collection.
It is unclear to what extent Blavatsky Kalachakra texts studied directly. The first Western material on the subject is in a 1833 article entitled "Note on Sources Kalachakra Systems and Adi-Buddha" by the pioneer scholar Hungarian Alexander Csoma de Koros (Korosi Csoma Sandor). In Körös compiled the first dictionary and grammar of Tibetan in a Western language, English, in 1834. The Dictionary and Grammar Jakov Tibetan-Russian Schmidt followed shortly after, in 1839. Most knowledge about the Kalachakra Blavatsky, however, came from the chapter entitled "The Kalachakra System" of the book Buddhism in Tibet, the author Emil Schlagintweit (1863), as evidenced by the quotes from many of its passages of that book in their work. Following its principle of translation, however, she translated Shambala in terms of similar concepts in Hinduism and Occultism.
The first English translation of Vishnu Purana, by Horace Hayman Wallace, had appeared in 1864, three years before the alleged visit to Tibet Blavatsky. Therefore, she explained Shambhala in terms of presentation Hindu in this text: is the town where appear the future Messiah, the Kalki Avatar. Kalki, Blavatsky wrote, is "Vishnu, the Messiah on the White Horse of the Brahmins, the Buddha Maitreya of the Buddhists, the Sosiosh of the Parsis, and the Jesus of the Christians." She also said Shankaracharya, the founder in the ninth century of Advaita Vedanta, "still lives in the Brotherhood of Shambhala, beyond the Himalayas."
Elsewhere, she wrote that when Lemuria sank, some of his people survived in Atlantis, while part of his chosen migrated to the sacred island of "Shambala" in the Gobi Desert. Neither the Kalachakra literature or the Vishnu Purana, however, make mention of Atlantis, Lemuria, Maitreya or Sosiosh. The association of Shambhala with this, however, continued among the followers of Blavatsky.
The location by Blavatsky's Shambhala in the Gobi desert is not surprising since the Mongols, including the Buryat population of Siberia and Kalmyks of the lower Volga region, were fervent followers of Tibetan Buddhism, particularly of the Kalachakra teachings. For centuries, the Mongols of the world have believed that Mongolia is the land north of Shambala and Blavatsky was undoubtedly familiar with the beliefs Buryat and Kalmyk of Russia.
Blavatsky might also have received confirmation of the status of Shambhala in the Gobi Desert from the writings of Csoma de Koros. In a 1825 letter, he wrote that Shambhala Buddhist is like Jerusalem and is located between 45 and 50 degrees longitude. Although he believed that Shambhala would probably be found in the desert Kizilkum in Kazakhstan, the Gobi was also between the two lengths. Other then to place it within these latitudes, but in East Turkistan (Xinjiang, Sinkiang) or in the Altai Mountains.
Although Blavatsky never claimed that Shambhala was the origin of the Secret Doctrine, several subsequent Theosophists made this association. The most prominent were Alice Bailey Letters on Occult Meditation (1922). Helena Roerich, in Collected Letters (1935-1936), also wrote that Blavatsky was a messenger from the White Brotherhood of Shambala. In addition, she reported that in 1934 the Ruler of Shambhala was sent to Tibet to mahatmas that had transmitted secret teachings Blavatsky. Affirmation of Dorjiev
that Russia is Shambala
First important operating Shambhala legend for political purposes also involved Russia. Agvan Dorjiev (1854-1938) was a Buryat Mongol monk who studied in Lhasa and became Master Chief (Assistant Tutor) of the thirteenth Dalai Lama. In view of the British machinations and China for control of Tibet, he persuaded the Dalai Lama to go to Russia asking for military support. He did this by saying that Russia was Shambhala and the Czar Nicholas II was the reincarnation of Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug tradition. Dorjiev traveled to the Russian Imperial Court in several diplomatic missions, but was never able to get any help. He was able, however, to convince the Tsar to build a Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg.
The first public ceremony in the temple took place in 1913. It was a ritual for long life to the Romanov dynasty in its 300 anniversary. According to Albert Grünwedel, German explorer of Central Asia, in Der Weg nach Shambhala (The Way to Shambala) (1915), Dorjiev referred to the Romanov Dynasty as the descendants of the kings of Shambhala.
Mongolia, Japan and Shambala
The following political exploitation of the Shambhala legend happened in Mongolia. Baron von Ungern-Sternberg, a German living in Russia, was an avid anti-Bolshevik. During the Civil War that followed the 1917 Russian Revolution, fought forces in Siberia with Belarusian (Tsarist). With Japanese support, he successfully invaded Outer Mongolia in 1920 to free the Chinese. Famous for their cruelty, Ungern massacred thousands of Chinese, Mongolian colleagues, Russian Bolsheviks and Jews, earning the nickname "The Mad Baron." Ungern believed that all Jews were Bolsheviks. Sukhe
Batur Communist Provisional Government established the Mongol in Buryatia and led a Mongol army against Ungern. Roused his troops telling them to fight for the liberation of Mongolia from oppression, reborn in the army of Shambhala. With the help of the Soviet Red Army, Sukhe Batu took Urga (Ulaan Baatar), the Mongolian capital, in late 1921. The People's Republic of Mongolia was founded in 1924.
After the Japanese occupation of Inner Mongolia in 1937, Japan also exploited the Shambhala legend for political gain. To try to win the loyalty of the Mongols, spread propaganda that Japan was Shambhala. Ossendowski and Agharti
In his book Beasts, Men and Gods (1922), Ferdinand Ossendowski (1876-1945), a Polish scientist who spent most of his life in Russia, wrote about his recent travels in Outer Mongolia during the campaigns of Baron von Ungern-Sternberg. Ossendowski reported that Several Mongolian lamas had told him of Agharti, an underground kingdom in Mongolia, ruled by King World. In the future, when materialism ruin the world, a terrible war would break out. At that time, the people of Agharti would surface and help end the violence. Ossendowski reported Ungern convinced of its history and, subsequently, Ungern twice sent missions to find Agharti, led by Prince Poulzig. The mission failed and the Prince never returned from the second expedition. Kamil
Gizycky was a Polish military engineer who also fought against the Bolsheviks in Siberia and joined forces Ungern in Mongolia. Made no mention of Agharti in his account of the events of that time, i Urjanchej Poprzez Mongolia (via Ukraine and Mongolia) (1929). It is interesting that the story helped the Mad Baron Ossendowski to provide the formula for making poison gas. Kalachakra texts
Although never described Shambhala as an underground kingdom, the report Ossendowski is clearly analogous to the Kalachakra account of the Kalki of Shambhala king who helps the world to stop an apocalyptic war. The emergence of Agharti here, however, is noteworthy. The name does not appear in the Kalachakra literature or the works of Madame Blavatsky.
French author Joseph-Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveidre first popularized the legend of Agharti (Agharta, Asgarth, Agarthi, Agardhi) in his 1886 novel Mission de l'Inde en Europe (Mission of India in Europe). He described it as an underground kingdom with a university that is a repository of secret knowledge. Originally located in Ayodhya, India, was taken to a secret place beneath the Himalayas 1800 years before the Common Era Their king, a "mahatma", keeps its secrets and has not rebelled, as these powerful weapons would be manufactured the forces of Antichrist. Once the forces of evil have been destroyed, mahatmas reveal their secrets for the benefit of mankind. Saint-Yves d'
Alveidre may have been borrowed from various elements of their history of discussion Kalachakra Shambala. The number 1800 appears repeatedly as a theme in the Kalachakra literature and classic texts report that leaders of Shambhala possessed the knowledge to make weapons to defeat the invading forces. However, the Frenchman wrote clearly a work of fiction.
In Ossendowsli und die Warheit (Ossendowski and Truth) (1925), the Swedish explorer of Tibet, Sven Hedin, claims dismissed Ossendowski Agharti have heard of the Mongolian lamas. He wrote that the Polish scientist had taken the myth of Agharti Saint-Yves de l'Alveidre and molded in its history to make it palatable to a German readership familiar to some degree with the Occult. Hedin admitted, however, that Tibet and the Dalai Lama were the protectors of secret knowledge.
An additional explanation, however, could be that Ossendowski Agharti used the myth to curry favor Ungern. Ungern undoubtedly would have identified the materialistic forces Antichrist, who Agharti help to defeat, with the Bolsheviks, against whom he was fighting. As Sukhe Batur was haranguing his troops with the promise of Shambala, Ungern could also use history for their own Agharti benefit. If this were the case, we could trace from here the version of the legend of Shambhala Shambhala described an unfavorable light.
Roerich, Agni Yoga Shambala and
Nikolai Roerich (1874-1947), Russian painter and ardent student of Theosophy, had belonged to the building committee of the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg and had designed its stained glass windows. His wife Helena, was the translator of Blavatsky's The Secret Doctrine into Russian. Between 1925 and 1928, he led an expedition from India, through Tibet, to Outer Mongolia and the Altai Mountain region in Siberia, north of East Turkistan. The course objective was to study plants, ethnology and languages, and painting. Its main purpose, however, was to find Shambala.
According to several accounts, Roerich's mission was to return to a chintamani Shambala (gem that granted wishes) that had been entrusted with the League of Nations. His group claimed to have located in the Altai region Shambala. Even today, the followers of Roerich continued to believe that the Altai Mountains are a great spiritual center, connected in some way to Shambala.
Search by Roerich of Shambhala was perhaps partly inspired by the work of Grünwedel, Der Weg nach Shambhala, which contained a translation of The Guide to Shambhala (Tibetan Sham-bha-La'ie lam-yig), written in the mid eighteenth century by the Third Panchen Lama (1738-1780). The Panchen Lama, however, explained that the physical journey to Shambala could only carry one too far. To reach the fabled land, one needed to do a tremendous amount of spiritual practices. In other words, the journey to Shambhala was actually an internal search. This explanation, however, did not seem to discourage intrepid adventurers as of pursuing Roerich Shambala just walked there.
In 1929, the Roerich created the Agni Yoga, incorporating the Theosophical teachings as their base. Perhaps they also followed the model of Blavatsky translate Buddhist terminology and terms with more familiar images of Hinduism and occultism. The Roerich, after all, they asserted that Shambhala was the source of all Indian teachings. They also called their kings "The Lords of fire fighting with the Lords of Darkness."
Agni is the Sanskrit word for fire - specifically the purifying fire of the sacred Vedas. Therefore, Roerich explained that teachers use their powers to Shambala purification. Agni Yoga practitioners choose to Buddha, Jesus or Muhammad as a guide for spiritual practice. Focusing on your chosen guide, they pray for peace, while taking simple visualizations of purification of obstacles.
In Buddhist tantra practice, meditators intense withdrawals conclude the so-called "fire pujas. In these rituals, offering several cereals and butter to the fire to purge and pacify all obstacles that might arise from mistakes made during his meditation. In the flames, they displayed the fire deity Agni, a figure clearly borrowed from Hinduism. Roerich may have witnessed either of these bids in the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg or while traveling in the regions of Mongolia and derived his idea of \u200b\u200bit Agni Yoga.
Thus, the main association of Shambhala Roerich was made it was a place of peace. In Shambhala: In Search of a New Era (Shambhala: In Search of a New Era) (1930), Roerich described Shambhala as a holy city in northern India. Their King reveals the teachings of the Buddha Maitreya for universal peace. Each tradition described Shambhala as their own understanding and thus the legend of the Holy Grail, for example, is a version of the history of Shambala. Constantine the Great, Genghis Khan, and Prester John are among those who have received messages from the teachings of "the mysterious Brotherhood spiritual home and the heart of Asia." Roerich
even coined the term "Shambhala Warriors", later adopted the year 1980 by Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, a Tibetan Incarnate Lama of the Karma Kagyu and Nyingma lineages that adapted and Buddhist ideas expressed in a modern American vernacular. Trungpa wrote, however, that his idea of \u200b\u200bthe Shambhala warrior had nothing to do with the Kalachakra teachings or Shambala same. It was a metaphor for someone fighting for self-improvement for the benefit of others. Roerich, on the other hand, used the term to "Brothers of Humanity", which will bring world peace from Shambala. The concept of "Kalachakra for World Peace", associated with the Kalachakra initiations given by His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama in the West since 1981, is probably a legacy of Roerich's ideas.
After returning from Asia, Roerich traveled to New York where, in 1929, helped enact the Roerich Pact, an international treaty for the protection of world cultural monuments. The flag of peace proposed by Roerich had three circles, which he said are in all spiritual traditions, including the "Rigden Jyelpos" Kings of Shambhala. None of this, however, is in the Kalachakra texts. Many countries around the world signed the pact, including the United States in 1935. The symbol of three circles was later adopted as a badge carried disabled persons in bracelets indicating their need for special treatment.
In Shambhala: In Search of a New Era (Shambhala: In Search of a New Era), Roerich also suggested a similarity between Shambhala and Thule, the hidden land in the North Pole, which, as we shall see later, inspired the German in its search for a secret land. He also mentioned the association of Shambhala with the underground city of Agharti (Agarthi), reached by tunnels under the Himalayas. Its inhabitants emerge in the "time of purification." In his Collected Letters (Collected Letters) (1935-1936), Helena Roerich said that Saint-Yves d'Alveidre Shambhala mistook Agharti, but not in the same place.
Jocelyn Godwin, Arktos, The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism and Nazi Survival (Arktos The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism and Nazi Survival) (1933), identified the power of the Vril Agni. Vril is the psycho-kinetic power protected by the inhabitants of Thule, which the Nazis tried to get to help them strengthen their superior Aryan race. Roerich, however, never made this association.
Steiner, Anthroposophy and Shambhala
As a counterpoint to the benevolent and Roerich Blavatsky presentations of Shambhala as a benevolent land to help establish world peace, alternative versions emphasized the apocalyptic aspect of the legend. Shambala associated mainly with the destructive forces of regeneration that fade the old ways of thinking and set a new world order of peace. Thus, the destructive force of Shambhala is ultimately benevolent. These versions also have their roots in Theosophy.
In 1884, Dr. Wilhelm Schleiden Hübbe-founded the German Theosophical Society. After an initial failure, Annie Besant invited Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925), an Austrian spiritualist, to restore it in 1902. Steiner left the company in 1909 mainly because I could not agree with the statement of Besant and CWLeadbeater the 16 year old boy Krishnamurti was the messiah. In a series of lectures in Berlin and Munich in 1910 and 1911, Steiner taught what some have labeled "a Christianized version of Theosophy." Steiner, however, claimed that his teachings came from the far-sighted reading of the "Akashic records", not Theosophy.
Akasha is the Sanskrit word for space, and these records contain allegedly hidden the wisdom of mankind. Kalachakra texts refer to the subtlest level of mental activity completely purified, which is the basis for an omniscient consciousness of the Buddha as "vajra space interpenetrating into space. " Not present, however, as a record of all knowledge that can be obtained by psychic means.
According to Steiner, Christ the true prophet, revealed the Land of Shambhala (Shambhala) in his Second Coming. Shambhala, which disappeared long ago, is the throne of Maitreya. In a lecture titled "Maitreya - Christ oder Antichrist (Maitreya - Christ or Antichrist)," Steiner explained that "what comes from the lips of Maitreya will come through the power of Christ."
Steiner emphasized the conflict between good and evil, personified by Lucifer and Ahriman. Blavatsky had already differentiated Lucifer Satan. According to The Secret Doctrine, Lucifer is the "bearer of Light", the "Astral Light" within each of our minds that is both tempting and our liberating us from pure animalism. Allows you to create and destroy, and manifests itself in sexual passion. Although Lucifer can elevate humanity to a higher plane, academics Latinos had become the evil Satan.
Blavatsky also wrote about the Zoroastrian dualism and the struggle between Ahura Mazda and Ahriman, as the forces of light and darkness. Steiner, however, went further than the dualism Blavatsky and transformed into an antagonism between Lucifer and Ahriman. Occult Science Steiner Lucifer represented as a ser de luz, el puente entre el Hombre y Dios, acercándonos a Cristo. Los “Hijos de Lucifer”, entonces, son aquellos que luchan por el conocimiento y la sabiduría. Ahriman, por el contrario, dirige a la humanidad a su naturaleza más baja, material, carnal y animal.
Steiner se llamó a sí mismo Luciférico y, según su lógica, Maitreya es el Anticristo. Como la gente ha pervertido las enseñanzas reales de Cristo, Maitreya, como el Anticristo, vendrá desde Shambala y librará al mundo de su imperfección y enseñará el verdadero mensaje del Cristo. En 1913, los seguidores de Steiner fundaron la Sociedad Antroposófica, aunque Steiner no se unió a ella hasta que la refundó in 1923. According to the Kalachakra Tantra
, Raudrachakrin, the twenty-fifth Kalki king of Shambhala, will defeat the Indian invaders try to conquer the world. These invaders will follow the teachings of a line of eight prophets: Adam, Abraham, Noah, Moses, Jesus, Mani, Muhammad, and Mahdi. Historical analysis suggests that the model for these invaders were the Shia Ismaili forces of the late tenth of Multan (now in Pakistan), an ally of the Egyptian Fatimid empire. The Fatimid Mahdi their messiah, sought to conquer the Islamic world before the predicted apocalypse and the end of the world 500 years after Muhammad. The people of the region was terrified of an invasion, including the region's Buddhist-Hindu-Muslim Afghanistan, where the Kalachakra teachings were developed probably historic. The predicted conflict and defeat of the invaders, however, was a spiritual metaphor for the internal battle against fear and ignorance. It was an effective method for the terrified people of that time overcome their anxieties. Steiner
was probably not aware of the historical and the metaphorical meaning of the legend of Shambhala. So, he and others in the following decades took Shambala as the seat of spiritual power that would arise reform Christianity. Steiner's emphasis on Maitreya and Shambhala as the real sources of Christian reform in the future probably also reflected in their dismay at the Theosophical promotion of Krishnamurti as the new savior.
Kalachakra texts even mention the teachings of Christianity. However, suggests methods for Hindus and Muslims to find alternative meanings in their own religious doctrines that would enable them to make a common front with the Buddhist spirit to face the terror of an invasion. They even point out that the Buddha gave teachings which are similar to some Hindu and Muslim claims. If the followers of these religions were interested, they could use their propias creencias como escalones para alcanzar el sendero Budista. No obstante, los textos Kalachakra no afirman que las enseñanzas Budistas contengan los significados verdaderos del Hinduismo o del Islám. Ni afirman en modo alguno que Shambala será el origen de la reforma que devolverá a la gente a las verdaderas doctrinas de los fundadores de esas dos religiones, y mucho menos a las enseñanzas puras de Cristo.
Alice Bailey y la “Fuerza de Shambala”
La Teósofa británica Alice Bailey (1880-1949) era una médium que afirmaba canalizar y recibir cartas ocultistas de un maestro Tibetano. Tras perder su batalla con Annie Besant por el liderazgo del movimiento Teosófico, ella fundó el Lucis Trust en 1920 in the United States. Originally called the Tibetan Lodge Trust, she changed her name again in 1922 to Lucis Trust. His lectures and writings gave rise to the New Age movement. She called the New Age the Age of Aquarius and the Age of Maitreya.
In Initiation, Human and Solar (1922), Letters on Occult Meditation (1922), A Treatise on Cosmic Fire (1925) and Treatise on White Magic (1934), Bailey wrote extensively about "the Force of Shambala." Reminiscent of Roerich, Shambhala she took "the seat of the Cosmic Fire," which is a purifying. Rather than conceive of this force as a benevolent agni, she took the initiative Steiner and associated it with Lucifer. So, she spoke of Cosmic Fire as a source of destructive power to expel the degenerate forms of education and establish a pure New Age.
Shambhala Force, Bailey explained, is highly volatile energy of will. In itself, it is extremely destructive, and may be the origin of "evil." When seen as the Divine Will, however, the Initiates can use it to the "Well" last. A "hierarchy" in Shambala, led by Maitreya, protects the Force and, at the right time, provide "the Mysteries of the Ages", "Plan." One wonders if their ideas inspired by the vision of The Wars of "the Force" as a power that can be used for good or for evil, and is protected by a brotherhood of warriors Jedi.
As Steiner, Bailey not only adapted the concept of Lucifer, but the Antichrist, and this time it was associated with the Shambhala Force. Borrowing Theosophical concepts, she said the Shambhala Force had made its presence known twice before in history. The first time was during the time of Lemuria, announcing the identification of humanity. The second was "in the Atlantean days of struggle between the Lords of Light and the Lords of Form Material Dark Forces. " Today, she said, referring to the period between the two World Wars - is manifesting itself as force to destroy what is undesirable and interferes with the current world forms of government, religion, and society.
Doreal and the Brotherhood of White Temple Bailey
The teachings of occult movements that spawned several Shambala associated with even more esoteric ideas. An example is the Brotherhood of White Temple, founded in 1930 by the American spiritualist Doreal Morris (1902-1963). In Maitreya, Lord of the World, Shambala Doreal wrote that White is the Great Temple of Tibet, located 75 miles beneath the Himalayas. Its entrance is underground curved space around that leads to another universe. He described Shambhala as divided into two halves. The southern half is the part where the fans live and gurus. Half of the North is home to avatar or world teacher Maitreya. In the future, Maitreya will come with the warriors of Shambhala, which are "light-bearers of the Age of Aquarius" to defeat the dark forces of evil in the world.
Doreal's main job was "The Emerald Tablets of Thoth the Atlantean, which claimed to have recovered from beneath the Great Pyramid in Egypt and have translated from the Atlantean language. He also claimed to have received secret initiations Tibetan monks.
Haushofer, the Thule Society, and Nazi Germany
After World War II, Nazi policies Bailey justified by saying that Hitler had taken over the Shambhala Force as a "tool of the dark forces" had incorrectly used to fight " Energy of Light. "
Similar to Bailey's assertions of the connection between Hitler and the Shambhala Force, several postwar studies on Nazism and the Occult have come to the conclusion that the Nazis sent expeditions to Tibet to seek the help of the forces Agharti Shambhala and to carry out their Master Plan. Bailey, however, only mentioned Shambala in this relationship and said Agharti nothing about. These accounts, moreover, suggest that the masters of Shambhala refused to help the Nazis expeditions, but the followers of Agharti agreed and returned with them to Germany. Also attach the Nazi search for occult in Tibet support the beliefs of Karl Haushofer and the Thule Society. Haushofer was the founder of the Vril Society in association with the Thule Society and was an important influence on Hitler's occult thought. Thule and Vril societies combined beliefs from various sources. Let us trace briefly some of these beliefs, in chronological order, before examining the postwar studies.
The ancient Greeks wrote not only about the sunken island of Atlantis, but also of Hyperborea, a land whose people migrated north to the south before the ice destroyed it. The late Swedish author Olaf Rudbeck the seventeenth century stood at the North Pole and several other reports claimed that before their destruction, broke into the islands of Thule and Ultima Thule.
The British astronomer Sir Edmund Halley, also in the late seventeenth century, launched the theory that the Earth is hollow. The French novelist Jules Verne popularized the idea in Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864). In 1871, the British novelist Edward Bulwer-Lyttin, in The Coming Race, described a superior race, the Vril-ya, who lived underground and planned to conquer the world with vril, psycho-kinetic energy. Les Fils de Dieu (The Sons of God) (1873), French author Louis Jacolliot vril linked with the subterranean people of Thule. The pro-independence India, Bal Gangadhar Tilak in The Arctic Home of the Vedas (The Arctic Home in the Vedas) (1903) identified migration Thuleanos south of the origin of the Aryan race. In 1908, Willis George Emerson American author published the novel The Smokey God, or A Voyage to the Inner World (The Smoky God or A Voyage to the Inner World), who described the journey of a Norwegian sailor through a hole in the North Pole to a hidden world inside the Earth.
The Thule Society was founded in 1910 by Felix Niedner, the German translator of Old Norse Eddas. Identified the Germanic people as the Aryan race, the descendants of Thule, and sought its transformation into a super race through the use of the power of Vril. As part of its emblem, made the swastika, a traditional symbol of Thor, the Norse god of Thunder, in doing so, the Thule Society followed the precedent of Guido von List, who in the late nineteenth century, had become a symbol of the swastika neopagan movement in Germany.
Along with Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels and Phillip Stauff, von List had been instrumental in founding the movement Ariosophy, popular before and during the First World War. The Ariosophy mixed races concepts of Theosophy with German nationalism to assert the superiority of the Aryan race as a justification for Germany to conquer the global colonial empires British and French as the legitimate ruler of the inferior races. The Thule Society's beliefs embraced Ariosóficas. Should be noted, however, that the Theosophical movement was never intended that his teachings on race were a justification for asserting the superiority of one race over another, or the right predestined that govern race over others. Rudolf Freiherr von
When Sebottendorff founded a Munich branch of the Thule Society in 1918, said anti-Semitism and authorized use of murder to the beliefs of the Company. He had collected these items during his years in Turkey and its relationship there with the order of the Assassins. This secret order dated back to the Nazari sect of Ismaili Islam, who fought against the Crusaders.
Later in 1918, after the Bavarian Communist Revolution, anti also joined the joint objectives of the Thule Society. In 1919, the Thule Society in Munich gave birth to the German Workers Party. Hitler joined him that same year, becoming its president in 1920, called the Nazi Party and adopted the swastika as its flag.
Karl Haushofer was a counselor German military to Japan after the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. I was extremely impressed with the Japanese culture, language study, and later became a cornerstone in the creation of an alliance between Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. He also learned Sanskrit and is said to have studied for a year in Tibet. He founded the Vril Society in Berlin in 1918, with an addition to the beliefs of the Thule Society, also advocated looking vril between supernatural beings beneath the earth. The most likely place would be in Tibet, which he saw as the home of the Aryan immigrants Thule. Haushofer
Geopolitics also developed as which race gets to expand its living space (Lebensraum German) through the conquest of its neighbors. In early 1920, Haushofer directed the Institute of Geopolitics in Munich and, starting in 1923, Hitler began to teach his views. Haushofer was instrumental in convincing Hitler of founding the Ahnenerbe (Office for the Study of Ancestral Heritage) in 1935. Its main task was to locate the origins of the Aryan race, especially in Central Asia. In 1937, Himmler joined the SS office at (German Schutzstaffel, Protection Squad).
In 1938-1939, the Ahnenerbe sponsored the Third Expedition of Ernst Schäffer to Tibet. During his brief stay, the anthropologist Bruno Beger measured the skulls of many Tibetans and concluded that they were an intermediate race between the Aryans and Mongolians and could serve as a link to the Germano-Japanese alliance.
The Nazi Search for Shambhala and Agharti by Pauwels, Bergier and Frere
Many experts have questioned the accuracy of postwar studies on Nazism and the Occult. And accurately represent either Nazi thinking during the Third Reich, they still represent a distortion of the most famous legend of Shambala. Consider two slightly different versions that give such studies.
According to the version found in Le Matin des Magicians (The Morning of the Magicians) (1962) by French researchers Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier and Nazism et Secret Societies (Nazism and Secret Societies) (1974) Jean-Claude Frere, Haushofer believed that two groups of Aryans migrated south from Hyperborea-Thule. One went to Atlantis, where they intermarried with the lemurs who had also migrated there. Recall that Blavatsky was associated with Atlantis and Shambhala lemurs, and Bailey was associated both with the Lemurs and the Atlanteans with the Shambhala Force. The descendants of these Aryan unclean fell into black magic and conquest. The other branch of Aryans migrated south, passing through North America and northern Eurasia, reached sometime in the Gobi Desert. Agharti founded there, the myth that has become popular thanks to the writings of Saint-Yves d'Alveidre. According
Frere, the Thule Society Agharti equated with its cognate Asgaard, the home of the gods of Norse mythology. Others argue, less convincingly, that Agharti is connected to Ariana, an ancient Persian name known to the ancient Greeks to the region extending from eastern Iran through Afghanistan to Uzbekistan - the home of the Aryans.
After a global cataclysm, Agharti sank beneath the ground. This is consistent with the story of Ossendowski. The Aryans then were divided into two groups. One went south and founded a secret apprenticeship under the Himalayas, also called Agharti. There, they preserved the teachings of virtue and the Vril. Ario The other group tried to return to Hyperborea-Thule, but instead found Shambala, a city of violence, evil and materialism. Agharti was the holder of the right path and positive vril while Shambhala was the owner of the degenerate left-hand path and negative energy.
division trails left hand and right hand had appeared in The Secret Doctrine Blavatsky. There, she wrote that at the time of Atlantis, humanity was divided into the paths of knowledge of the right hand and left hand, which became the seeds of white and black magic. She did not associate the two paths, however, Agharti and Shambala. In fact, she did not mention at all Agharti in his writings. The terms right hand path and left hand resulting from a split in the Hindu tantra. Early Western writers often represent the left-hand tantra as a degenerate form and mistook him for Tibetan Buddhism and its teachings of tantra anuttarayoga. According to Pauwels and Bergier
, the Thule Society sought to contact and make a pact with Shambhala, but only Agharti agreed to offer assistance. By 1926, the French authors explained, had colonies of Hindus and Tibetans in Munich and Berlin, called the Society of Green Men in astral connection with the Green Dragon Society in Japan. Membership in the latter company required Japanese ritual suicide (in Japanese hara-kiri, seppuku) if you lose your honor. Haushofer had allegedly belonged to the company during his previous years in Japan. The leader of the Society of Green Men was a Tibetan monk, known as "the man with the green gloves" Hitler supposedly visited often and kept the keys Agharti. Continued annual expeditions to Tibet from 1926 to 1943. When the Russians entered Berlin at the end of the war, they found nearly a thousand corpses of soldiers Himalayan race, dressed in Nazi uniforms but without identity papers, who had committed suicide. Haushofer himself became hara-kiri before they can be tried at Nuremberg in 1946.
The Nazi Search for Shambhala and Ravenscroft Agharti as
A slightly different account of the Nazi Search for Shambhala and Agharti appeared in The Spear of Destiny (Spear of Destiny) (1973) British researcher Trevor Ravenscroft. According to this version, the Thule Society believed that Aryans worshiped two sections of two evil forces. Their orientation toward the poor led to the demise of Atlantis and then the two groups established communities in mountain caves submerged beneath the Atlantic Ocean near Iceland. The legend of Thule came of them. A group of Aryans was the Oracle Luciferic called Agharti (Agharti), and practiced the left hand path. The other group followed the Oracle Ahrimanic called Schamballah (Shambhla), and practiced the right hand path. Note that the opposite Ravenscroft said Pauwels, Bergier, and Frere, who said that Agharti followed the path of right and left Shambala. Ravenscroft
goes on to explain that according to the "Secret Doctrine" - alluding to the book of the same name Blavatsky - That appeared in Tibet for ten thousand years, Lucifer and Ahriman are the two forces of evil, the two major opponents of human evolution. Lucifer leads people to set themselves up as gods and is associated with the lust for power. Following Lucifer can lead to selfishness, false pride and the misuse of magical powers. Ahriman strives to establish a kingdom on earth purely material and use perverse sexual lust for black magic rituals. Recall that although
Blavatsky had written about Lucifer and Ahriman, not equating the two and not associated neither with nor Agharti Shambala. In addition, Blavatsky explained that although Latinos had become wise by Satan Lucifer purely evil, Lucifer had the power both to destroy and to create. He represented the light-bearing presence in the minds of all who could raise people from animalism and bring about a positive transformation to a higher plane of existence.
was Steiner who said that Lucifer and Ahriman represented the two poles of destructive power. However, Steiner described Lucifer as the destructive force ultimately benevolent. In addition, Steiner Lucifer associated with Shambhala, not Agharti and, in fact, as Blavatsky and Bailey, did not mention Agharti at all. Moreover, none of the three authors described Shambhala as localized occult underground. Roerich had only Shambala associated with Agharti underground city, but had clarified that the two were different and never asserted that Shambhala was underground.
Ravenscroft, and Pauwels, Bergier, and Frere, also said through the initiative of Haushofer and other members of the Thule Society, were sent annually to Tibet exploration teams from 1926 to 1942 to establish contact with underground cave communities. They were supposed to convince teachers there to help recruit and Ahrimanic luciferic powers to promote the Nazi cause, especially to create a super Aryan race. The adepts of Shambhala would not help. As followers of Ahrimanic Oracle, were concerned only in promoting materialism. In addition, Shambhala and had joined with some lodges in Great Britain and the United States. This was perhaps the reference to Doreal, as the White Temple Brotherhood in America was the first major occult movement say that Shambhala was an underground city. In addition, this story fits well with Haushofer's disdain for Western materialistic science, which he called "Judeo-Marxist Liberal Science" in favor of "Science Nordic-Nationalist"
Ravenscroft continued with the assertion that teachers Agharti agreed to help the Nazi cause and, since 1929, groups of Tibetans traveled to Germany, where they became known as the Society of Green Men. They were also joined by members of the Green Dragon Society of Japan, established occult schools in Berlin and other places. Recall that Pauwels and Bergier claimed that the colonies not only Tibetans, but also of Hindus were present in Berlin and Munich since 1926, not since 1929.
Himmler was attracted to these groups of Tibetan supporters Agharti and under his influence, Ahnenerbe founded in 1935. Recall that Himmler did not establish the Ahnenerbe, but it joined the SS in 1937.
A Theory to Explain the Feeling of the German occult movements against Shambala and the tendency for Agharti
is difficult to set Haushofer and the Thule Society actually said any of the above, mixing descriptions of Shambhala occult representation of Ossendowski Agharti and legends of Thule and the Vril. It is also difficult to establish whether Haushofer tried to influence Hitler and the Nazis institutions such as the Ahnenerbe, to send expeditions to Tibet to help the two alleged underground cities and if successful - or even if the Thule Society itself such expeditions sent . The only officially sanctioned mission to Tibet by the Ahnenerbe - the third Tibetan Expedition (1938 - 1939) of Ernst Schäffer - Clearly had a different agenda, but equally esoteric. Its main purpose was to measure the skulls of Tibetans to determine if they were the source of the Aryan race and midway between the Aryans and the Japanese.
Besides historical inaccuracies and inconsistencies between the above two stories of Haushofer and the Thule Society's beliefs, found in two points seem to agree. First, associated with Steiner and Bailey Shambala regenerative power to destroy obsolete structures and build new structures reformed. They represented the ultimate benevolent power with Lucifer. Haushofer and the Thule Society, moreover, allegedly associated with Lucifer Agharti this benevolent power. For them, Shambhala was a zone of destructive power simply evil, represented by Ahriman and unbridled materialism. Second, although the Thule Society and the Nazis first sought the help of Shambala, representing the evil path of materialism, were rejected. Instead, they received the support of Agharti, which represents the positive path of ultimate destruction of the weak and the creation of the Master Race as the next step in human evolution.
Leave aside for the moment, the question of whether the Thule Society and the Ahnenerbe actually sent missions to Tibet seeking help from Shambhala and Agharti. However, we assume, also for the moment, which actually combined Haushofer legends of Shambhala and Agharti with the Thule Society's beliefs and the resulting mixture represented the Nazi occult position. If this were the case, then a possible theory to explain the claim that Nazi Shambala rejected the approach, while Agharti accepted it would be as follows. According
Dorjiev, Shambhala was associated with Russia and then also with Communism, while according Ossendowski, Agharti was associated with anti-Communism and anti-Semitic forces in the German Baron von Ugern-Sternberg. From the Bavarian Communist Revolution of 1918, the Thule Society and Hitler were fierce anti-Communist. Before this, they were already anti-Semitic. Thus, in their eyes, Shambhala was a negative force, dark basic science supporting materialist "Judeo-Marxist-Liberal." With this anti-communist sentiment, Hitler signed the Pact Anti Communist Japan in November 1936, in which both countries declared their mutual hostility toward the spread of international Communism. Both agreed not to sign any political treaty with the Soviet Union. However, to avoid a European war on two fronts, Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Stalin in August 1939. He broke this pact, however, in June 1941 when Nazi forces invaded the Soviet Union.
hidden explanation and justification for change of opinion could have been through an allegory. Shambala (the Soviet Union, Communism and the Jews) was basically evil (Anti recognized by the Covenant). However, Hitler first sought an alliance with it (the Nazi-Soviet Pact). Shambhala refused (Hitler blamed the Soviet Union of the reasons why he broke the treaty), Hitler then turned and was supported by Agharti. (Ungern, an early German anti-Semitic and anti-Bolshevik, had also sought support from Agharti, but failed when trying to find the fabulous place. Thus, there Ungern failed in its mission. As Hitler's expeditions had found Agharti-Asgaard and received their help, the Nazis would win for sure.)
Evidence supporting the theory
The following facts support the previous theory that explains the German occultist representation Shambhala as a force malignant. Der Weg nach Shambhala (The Way to Shambala) (1915), the German explorer of Central Asia, Albert Grünwedel reported that Dorjiev had identified the Romanov Dynasty as the descendants of the kings of Shambhala.
In Asien Über Sturm (Storm over Asia) (1924), the German spy Wilhelm Filchner linked the Soviet campaign to conquer Central Asia in the interest of the Romanovs in Tibet since the beginning of the century. In 1926, Roerich land supposedly given a gift from the Tibetan mahatmas the Russian Foreign Minister Chicherin to put it in the tomb of Lenin. Helena Roerich was referring to Marx and Lenin as mahatmas and said that emissaries of the Himalayan mahatmas had even met with Marx in England and with Lenin in Switzerland. Mahatmas supported the communist ideals of universal brotherhood.
In "Aus den letxten Jahrzehnten des Lamaismus in Russland (About the Last Decades of Lamaism in Russia)" (1926), the German scholar WA Unkrig Filchner cited the book and repeated the report of Grünwedel concerning Dorjiev, Romanov and Shambala. It also meant the ceremony at the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg to mark the 300th anniversary of Romanov rule. Warning about the influence of this temple and an alliance of the Soviet Union, Mongolia and Tibet, Unkrig finished his article with the quote in Latin, "Domine, frees us to Tartaris" (God, save us from the Tartars). This fits well with Haushofer's Geopolitics and its recommendations for Germany conquered living space in Central Asia, home of the Aryan race.
In 1910, Steiner gave lectures in Berlin and Munich on Shambala as the throne of Maitreya, the Antichrist who would rid the world de las enseñanzas espirituales pervertidas. Tiere, Menschen und Götter (Bestias, Hombres y Dioses)”, la popular traducción del libro de Ossendowski, apareció en 1923. Presentaba Agharti como una fuente de poder que el barón von Ungern-Sternberg buscó para apoyar su batalla contra el líder comunista mongol Sukhe Batur, que estaba enardeciendo a sus tropas con historias de Shambala. Recordemos que la Sociedad Thule identificaba Agharti con Asgaard, el hogar de los dioses noruegos Arios.
Durante la primera mitad de los años 1920, una llamada “guerra oculta” tuvo lugar entre las Sociedades Ocultistas y las Logias Secretas en Alemania. En 1925, Steiner fue asesinado y muchos sospecharon que la Sociedad Thule had ordered his assassination. In later years, Hitler continued the persecution of the Anthroposophists, Theosophists, Freemasons and Rosicrucians. Various scholars ascribe this policy to Hitler's desire to eliminate any occult rivals to his rule. Steiner, for example, had commissioned the German translation of the novel by Bulwer-Lytton on the Vril, The Coming Race (The Coming Race), under the German title more explicit Vril, oder einer Zukunft der Menschheit (Vril, or the Race Future), Furthermore, since Steiner and Anthroposophy spoke of Shambhala as the land of the future Messiah and benevolence, it makes sense that the Thule Society and Hitler described as opposite, a place of evil.
Between 1929 and 1935, appeared five books of the French adventurer Alexandra David-Neel translated into German, such as und Heilige Hexe (Mystiques Magiciens et du Thibet, With Mystics and Magicians in Tibet). David-Neel had spent many years studying and traveling in Tibet and told supporters that there were extra physical powers that allowed them to defy gravity and run at superhuman speed. Consequently, the fantasy of Tibet as the land of mysterious magical powers grew wildly.
In 1936, Theodor Illion, a German explorer who traveled in Tibet in the early 1930's, published Rätselhaftes Tibet (in Tibet Secret) under the pseudonym Theodor Burang. It also described the supernatural powers possessed by Tibetan supporters. In his second book, Finsternis über Tibet (Darkness over Tibet) (1937), described when he led an underground city in the "Valley of Mystery," where the "occult Brotherhood" spiritual energy channeled for power. Their leader was the magician Rimpotsche Prince Mani. Although this "Prince of Light" was intended to be a benevolent ruler, was actually the leader of an evil cult, a "Prince of Darkness." Shambala Illion never mentioned, but their popular works would have added weight to the claim that Nazi occultist Shambala was a place of evil magic.
Evidence Countering the Official Support Affirmation Nazi Occult Beliefs about Shambhala
Germanic Suppose the Nazi occult movement, represented by the Thule Society used the allegory Shambala-Agharti to justify Hitler's change of policy toward the Soviet Union. Still, it seems highly unlikely that the Nazis official institutions such as the Ahnenerbe, Shambhala and Agharti have their agendas, even in their hidden agendas. Consider the evidence that would support that conclusion.
Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933. In that year, Sebottendorff, the founder of the Munich branch of the Thule Society, published bevor Hitler Kam (Before Hitler Came), in summarizing the work Hitler's debt to "Thulismo." Hitler quickly banned the book and Sebottendorff forced to resign. Although Hitler clearly advocated the Thule Society's beliefs, disavowed any connection to occult movements established. I did not want to leave open the possibility that rivalry arises from anywhere.
Haushofer and the Thule Society, however, were not the only influences from racks on the Ahnenerbe. Sven Hedin, the Swedish explorer of Tibet and favorite of the Nazis, too played a significant role. Between 1922 and 1944, wrote several popular books in Germany on their travels in Tibet, such as Tsangpo Lamas Walfahrt (The Pilgrimage of the Tsangpo Lamas) (1922). Many others were translated into German from English, such as My Life as an Explorer (My Life as Explorer) (1926) (German: Mein Leben als entdecken, 1928) and A Conquest of Tibet (A Conquest of Tibet) (1941). Furthermore, in Ossendowski und die Wahrheit (Ossendowski and Truth) (1925), Hedin Ossendowski discredited the claim that the Mongolian Lamas had told him of Agharti. In this book, he discovered Agharti like a fantasy taken from the 1886 novel of Saint-Yves d'Alveidre.
Frederick Hielscher, who allowed Hitler to establish the Ahnenerbe in 1935, was a friend of Sven Hedin. In addition, Hedin Hitler invited to deliver the keynote address at the Berlin Olympics of 1936 and in 1937 published Hedin Germany and World Peace (Germany and World Peace) From 1939 to 1943, Hedin held several diplomatic missions to Germany and continued his pro-Nazi publications. The clearest evidence of their influence on the Ahnenerbe is the fact that in 1943, the Tibet Institute of Ahnenerbe was renamed the Sven Hedin Institut für und Innerasien Expedition (Sven Hedin Institute for Inner Asia and expeditions). Haushofer
was indeed crucial in starting the Ahnenerbe and that his agenda was based on many of the beliefs of the Thule Society. However, due to Hedin, is unlikely to seek and receive Ahnenerbe Agharti in support of Tibet. Hedin acknowledged that Tibet was a repository of ancient knowledge hidden, but did not attribute importance occult. Neither this knowledge associated with Shambhala or Agharti.
also seems unlikely that groups of Tibetans were present in Berlin and Munich from 1926 to 1929, under the auspices of the Thule Society. If that were the case, then as Ahnenerbe had been informally associated with the Thule Society, there would be no need to send an expedition Tibet to measure the skulls of Tibetans. They could have made such measurements in Germany. Thus, the claim that the Thule Society sponsored annual trips to Tibet from 1926 to 1942 also seems unlikely. Connection Kalmyk
The story of Pauwels and Berger that the end of the war, the Russians were in Berlin a large number of bodies of soldiers from the Himalayan race, dressed in Nazi uniforms, who had committed suicide, also needs scrutiny . The unspoken implication is that the Russians found the bodies of Tibetan Agharti followers who were helping the Nazi cause and, as Haushofer committed suicide ritual.
First Instead, the hara-kiri was a Japanese samurai practice, which many Japanese soldiers in World War II promulgated to avoid capture. The followers of Tibetan Buddhism, however, consider suicide an extremely negative act with serious consequences in future lives. It is never justifiable. The report attributed inappropriately to Tibetans Japanese customs. Second, any soldier of Himalayan origin found a Nazi uniform in all likelihood would have been a Kalmyk Mongolian, not Tibetan. Indeed, the struggle of the Kalmyk in the German army demonstrates its support of Nazi ideology and support of it by Tibetan Buddhist beliefs. Examine the historical facts supplemented with information obtained from interviews with Kalmyk who lived in Munich and had participated in many of the events described above.
Kalmyk Mongolians are followers of the Tibetan form of Buddhism and have a long history of association with the Germans. A large group of them migrated west from the region of East Turkistan Dzungaria between 1609 and 1632. In Russia were established along the lower Volga, where it empties into the Caspian Sea. They continued their nomadic lifestyle.
In 1763, the Czarina Catherine II the Great invited nearly thirty thousand Germans to settle in the Volga region north of the Kalmyks. She wanted to cultivate the fertile land and protect against the "Tartars." She tried to impose Christianity and agriculture between Kalmyks, causing many to return to Dzungaria in 1771. Eventually, however, those who remained in Russia were accepted, especially because they were excellent soldiers. During the Napoleonic Wars (1812-1815), for example, the Russian army had a Kalmyk regiment. During the following century, the Kalmyk soldiers were prominent in the Czarist Army divisions.
Although the lifestyles and customs of the Volga German agricultural and nomadic herders Kalmyk differed greatly, the neighbors eventually gradually followed. The Germans, in fact, were interested in the Kalmyks. As early as 1804, Benjamin Bergmann published a four volume work on their language and religion, entitled Nomadische Streiferein Kalmuk in der unter der Jahre 1802 und 1804 (Migration between the Kalmyk nomads in the years 1802 and 1804). Sven Hedin Kalmykia passed through one of their first expeditions to Dzungaria and expressed great admiration for his people.
After the Communist Revolution of 1917, many Kalmyk remained loyal to the Tsarist forces and continued fighting in the front Belarus, especially under the command of General Wrangel and Deniken. Before the Red Army broke into the Crimean peninsula in late 1920, twenty Kalmyk families fled across the Black Sea to Wrangel and settled in Warsaw and Prague. Many more are left with Deniken, most settling in Belgrade and a much smaller number in Sofia and Paris and Lyons. Kalmyk refugees in Belgrade built a Buddhist temple there in 1929. The Communists punished severely Kalmyks who stayed, beheading ten thousand.
In 1931, Stalin collectivized the land of the Kalmyk, closed Buddhist monasteries, and burned religious texts. Deported to Siberia to all those farmers who possess more than five hundred sheep and all the monks. In part because of Stalin's collectivization policies, there was great famine from 1932 to 1933. Kalmyk about sixty thousand dead.
After Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in September 1941, Goebbels invited to Berlin to several prominent Kalmyk Belgrade, Paris and Prague to help with a propaganda campaign. The Nazis wanted to win the Kalmyk for the German side against the Russians and never sent any of them, while they were in power, to a concentration camp. Thus, this core Goebbels organized a committee to release the Kalmyk Communist regime. In this connection helped them to print a Kalmyk language newspaper and used them to broadcast news of Kalmyk language radio made to your country. Sixteenth
When Nazi Panzer Division under the command of Field Marshal Mannstein took Kalmykia in early 1942, three members of this committee with him. Several Kalmyk Belgrade also participated in the invasion, having joined the German army after the occupation of Serbia in April 1941. Kalmykia's people welcomed the German army with butter and milk, the traditional offering to guests welcome as liberators from Stalin's oppressive tyranny. The Germans said they dismantled the cooperative and the earth split and privatized. They allowed the Kalmyk Buddhism practiced again. In response, the Kalmyk exhumed textos religiosos que habían enterrado para salvaguardarlos y construyeron un templo provisional. En noviembre y diciembre de 1942, sin embargo, el Ejército Rojo retomó Kalmykia y destruyó todo lo que la gente había reconstruido.
Las tropas alemanas invitaron a los Kalmyk a retirarse y continuar la lucha junto a ellos. Unos cinco mil se unieron al ejército Nazi, formando el Cuerpo de Voluntarios de Caballería de Kalmykia. Sólo unas pocas mujeres y niños iban con ellos. Las tropas Kalmyk lucharon con el ejército nazi tras las líneas, sobre todo alrededor del Mar Azov. La mayoría de la población Kalmyk, sin embargo, permaneció en Kalmykia. En diciembre de 1943, Stalin les declaró a todos colaboradores Germans and deported them all to Siberia. Not return until the time of Khrushchev, between 1957 and 1960.
early fall of 1944, in view of the imminent Russian invasion of Serbia, Belgrade Kalmyk many fled to Munich to avoid communist persecution. A learned Buddhist teacher and several monks accompanied them. In late 1944, the Kalmyk cavalry troops that survived in Russia, along with their families, retreated with the German army. About two thousand were to Selesia (Poland) and in 1500 in Zagreb (Croatia), which reorganized to fight the partisans.
Thus, although several Kalmyk were in Germany and Nazi occupied territory in the final months of war, only a few were in the Berlin area, carrying out propaganda work yet. Kalmyk soldiers in Nazi uniforms were in Poland and Croatia, not in Germany. Although several Kalmyk monks practicing Tibetan Buddhist rituals in the barracks and Kalmyk homes in territory occupied by the Nazis, they prayed for peace and welfare of all beings. There were no Tibetans among them and went no ceremonies "hidden" for a Nazi victory, as some stories tell postwar occult.
After the war, the Kalmyk left in Western Europe were interned in refugee camps in Austria and Germany, especially in the surroundings of Munich. Later that year, Anna Tolstoy Foundation resettled most of them in New Jersey, USA. Tito gave those who remained in Serbia to the Soviets, who immediately deported to Siberia. Statements after the war
about Shambala and Interpretations
Flying Saucers hidden Nazi activities, associating with Shambala, also appeared after the war. For example, in 1939 a German expedition to Antarctica led by Captain Alfred Ritscher, charted a fifth of the continent, claimed it for Germany, and called Neu-Schwabeland. Nazis later expeditions to Antarctica and naval activity in the South Atlantic continued until the end of the war.
In late 1950, regardless of this, Henrique Jose de Souza, the president of the Brazilian Theosophical Society at that time, proposed a new theory of the hollow earth. Within the land lies Agharti, with its capital Shambala, as the origin of flying saucers emerge to the surface through tunnels in the North and South poles. Therefore, the Brazilian Theosophical Society built as its headquarters in São Lourenço, Minas Gerais, a Greek-style temple dedicated to Agharti. The student of De Souza, OCHugenin popularized the theory of his mentor in From the Subterranean World to the Sky: Flying Saucers (from the Underworld to Heaven: Flying Saucers) (1957). RWBernard, in his 1964 book The Hollow Earth (Hollow Earth), flying saucers made out of Shambala and Agharti underground through secret tunnels under the Himalayas in Tibet.
Based on Antarctic expeditions Nazis and the stories mentioned above, the German occultist Ernst Zündel wrote several books in 1970, including UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapons? (UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapons?, Asserting that the Nazis had a secret base in an area of \u200b\u200bwarm water lakes that had been found in Antarctica. They hid their secret weapon, UFOs. Zündel is also infamous as the most outspoken supporter of the view that the Holocaust never happened.
The relationship of flying saucers with Shambhala is derived from the allegorical story of the apocalyptic future war found in the commentary The Stainless Light (Light steely) to The Abbreviated Kalachakra Tantra (The Abbreviated Kalachakra Tantra). In this story, Raudrachakrin, the twenty-fifth Kalki king of Shambhala, will come home on a horse of stone with wind power and defeat the Mahdi, the leader of the hordes of non-Indians. Although Raudrachakrin represents the deep awareness of the gap with the more subtle level of mental activity and the stone horse represents the most subtle level of energy-wind in which this awareness rides, some have interpreted the image as a flying saucer coming of Shambhala.
